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| General notions about rainfall and their classification |
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The rainfall are identified dripped water and ice crystals, falling out of atmosphere on terrestrial surface (the rain, snow, hail and others) or forming as a result of condensations water pair (the mist, dew, rime and others.). The Rainfall is measured by thickness (in millimeter) precipitated layer of fluid water (rain or melted snow), which could be formed on flat watertight surface by area 1 m2. The Intensity of the precipitation is the rainfall, falling out per unit time (for instance, hour or day). The Types of the precipitation: Drizzling rain - a precipitation from small drop with radius less 0.25 mm, which nearly have not a directed motion. Exterminate falls out from nimbostratus and cumulous clouds, as well as at diffusing of the mist. The Intensity of the precipitation under drizzle does not exceed 0.25 mm/h. The Velocity of the fall of the drop less 0.3 m/sec. The Rain - a precipitation from drop with radius 0.25-3.2 mm (big drops are not formed because of crushing on more small). The Rain falls out from nimbostratus and cumulous clouds, sometimes from altostrati. The Velocity of the fall of the drop reaches 8...10 m/s. The Snow - a hard precipitation of snowflake (the crystal). The Snowflakes can cohere in greater flakes from 0.5 mm to 5 mm (In detail about snowflake and flakes on page Snow). The Wet snow - a precipitation of snowflake and drop or melting snowflake. The Wet snow falls out if the temperature beside terrestrial surface close to 0 C or little above. The Graupel - a precipitation, consisting of frozen drops of water and agglutinate snowflake. The Hail - a precipitation of particles of the spherical form with icy layer of different density. The Diameter of the particles 1...50 mms (in rare events of the hailstone can be well over and reach the weight more than 2 kgs!). In the centre of the hailstone - a dull white kernel, it is covered layer transparent and opaque льда. The Large hailstones can be formed by freeze up more small particles. The Hail is formed in cumulous cloud. The Mist - an opaque air beside terrestrial surface, saturated water vapor (the aerosol, forming as a result of condensations) or icy кристалликами. The Dew - dripped water, forming on ground, plants and overland subject when cooling and condensations of the evaporations from terrestrial surface. Rime - a fine layer icy crystal, forming on ground, plants and overland subject as a result of evaporations from terrestrial surface and cooling it before the temperature below 0°C. Frost-mist - a friable snowlike ice crystals, growing on branch tree, wire and t. p. in calm freezing weather, mainly under saturated mist. |
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